Characteristics Of Memory

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Memory has several key characteristics that describe how it works and how information is processed and retained. Here are the main ones:
1. Encoding: The process of converting   information into a form that can be stored in   memory. This could be visual (images), acoustic   (sounds), or semantic (meaning-based).
2. Storage: The retention of encoded information    over time. Memory is stored in different types:

3. Sensory memory: Very short-term   (milliseconds to seconds)

4. Short-term memory (STM): Holds small   amounts of information for a short time (about   20–30 seconds)

5. Long-term memory (LTM): Stores large   amounts of information for long periods   (possibly  indefinitely)

6. Retrieval: The process of accessing stored   information when needed. Retrieval can be   recall   (bringing up info without cues) or   recognition (identifying info with cues).

7. Capacity: Refers to the amount of information  that can be held. For example, STM typically holds 7±2 items, while LTM has an essentially unlimited capacity.

8. Duration: How long memory can be retained.   STM has a limited duration, whereas LTM can   last from hours to a lifetime.

9. Accuracy: Memory is not always accurate. It   can be influenced by emotions, suggestions, or   misinformation.

10. Plasticity: Memory can change over time   through new experiences, learning, or trauma.   This is tied to the brain’s ability to adapt and   reorganize.

11. Consolidation: The process by which short-   term memories are converted into long-term   memories, often during sleep. 










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